Pascalated BASIC to ZX81 Converter

(No line numbers, no GOTOs)

Tutorial By Example

Example Title Edit Download Run online

0 Factorials

1 Guess Number

2 LASER (slow)

2 LASER (fast)

3 Multiplication Table

4 Cannonball

5 15

6 Joker

7 The Towers of Hanoi

8 Find Zero

9 The Lost Comic Book

10 River Crossing

11 2D Graph (slow)

11 2D Graph (fast)

12 Fair Shares

13 Memory

14 Hangman

15 Worm

Pascalated BASIC
BASIC Apascalado

Structured BASIC
BASIC Estruturado

LINE STEP =

PROGRAM FACTORIALS
REM (C) 2022 BY ZARSOFT
REM PASCALATED BASIC DEMO
CONST
LET MAXARG = 11
VAR
REM LIMIT - ARGUMENT TO BUILD THE LIST
REM ARGUMENT - ARG TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL
REM RESULT - FACTORIAL OF ARGUMENT
REM W - LEVEL 1 LOOP VAR
REM Y - LEVEL 2 LOOP VAR
BEGIN
PROC MAIN ROUTINE
END

DEFPROC MAIN ROUTINE
PROC INTRODUCTION
PROC GET LIMIT
PROC WRITE FACTORIALS
ENDPROC

DEFPROC INTRODUCTION
PRINT "FACTORIALS LIST"
PRINT "PASCALATED BASIC DEMONSTRATION"
PRINT
ENDPROC

DEFPROC GET LIMIT
REPEAT W
  PRINT "MAX ARGUMENT = ";
  INPUT LIMIT
  PRINT LIMIT
  IF LIMIT > MAXARG BEGIN Y
    PRINT
    PRINT "MUST BE LOWER THAN ";MAXARG+1
    PRINT "TRY AGAIN."
    PRINT
  ELSEIF LIMIT < 0
    PRINT
    PRINT "MUST BE GREATER THAN 0."
    PRINT "TRY AGAIN."
    PRINT
  ELSE
    PRINT
    PRINT "VALID INPUT."
    PRINT
  ENDIF
UNTIL (LIMIT >= 0) AND (LIMIT <= 11)
ENDPROC

DEFPROC WRITE FACTORIALS
PRINT
FOR W = LIMIT TO 0 STEP -1
  LET ARGUMENT = W
  PRINT "FACT(";ARGUMENT;") = ";
  PROC CALCULATE FACTORIAL
  PRINT RESULT
NEXT W
ENDPROC

DEFPROC CALCULATE FACTORIAL
LET RESULT = 1
WHILE ARGUMENT > 1 DO Y
  LET RESULT = RESULT * ARGUMENT
  LET ARGUMENT = ARGUMENT-1
ENDWHILE
ENDPROC

History

1958 - Appears ALGOL 58, the first structured programming language.
1970 - Appears Pascal - the most famous structured language.
1976 - Appears SBASIC (Dartmouth Structured BASIC) - the first attempt to create a structured BASIC.
1983 - Structured programming became widely known with Turbo Pascal 3 from Borland.
1984 - Appears the Sinclair QL with structured BASIC.
1985 - Appears QuickBASIC (later QBASIC), the first structured BASIC without line numbers.
1987 - Appears Pascalated BASIC (for the ZX Spectrum) in MicroSe7e journal (Portugal).

Instructions

Usage of Pascalated editor: Simple write or paste your program on the left side text area.; When you're done copy the program on the right side text area to an emulator (example: EightyOne).
Usage of EightyOne emulator: To run the program, first select the structured text (CTRL-A), copy (CTRL-C) and paste it (CTRL-V) on a file with extension BAS. Then click on the "Open Tape File" icon, select the file and click "Open".; To save the tap, click the "Save Tape File" icon and choose a filename with extension "P" or "TZX".
Pascalated sintax: Do not try to use GOTOs; Each program is a set of routines.; Each routine starts with "DEFPROC RoutineName" and ends with "ENDPROC".; The first routine must begin with "PROGRAM ProgramName" and ends with an "END" instead of "ENDPROC".
Reserved words of Pascalated BASIC: PROGRAM and END comes from Pascal programming language.; REPEAT, UNTIL and WHILE comes from Pascal.; DEFPROC, ENDPROC and PROC comes from NextBASIC of ZX Spectrum Next.; IF-BEGIN-ELSEIF-ENDIF comes from various languages.
More info: Read the Pascal to BASIC translations below.; Study the starting program at the beginning of this page.; Modify the program at the beginning of this page and write a new program.; Study the tutorial programs at the beginning of this page.

Sintax

	
	

	
	
		Pascal
		
		Pascalated BASIC
		
		ZX81 BASIC
		
		Note
		
	
	
	
	
		
REPEAT 
  ...
UNTIL condition; 			
		
		
REPEAT variable
  ...
UNTIL condition			
		
		
FOR i = 0 TO 0.5 STEP 0
  ...
  LET i = condition
NEXT i   			
		
		
Variable name must have only 1 char.
Be careful: the variable cannot be used 
by another loop at the same time.
			
	
	
	
	
		
WHILE condition DO 
BEGIN 
  ...
END			
		
		
WHILE condition DO variable
  ...
ENDWHILE 			
		
		
FOR i = NOT ( condition ) TO 0.5 STEP 0
  ...
  LET i = NOT ( condition )
NEXT i   			
		
		
Variable name must have only 1 char.
Be careful: the variable cannot be used 
by another loop at the same time.
          	
	
	
	
	
		
IF condition1 THEN
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
ELSE IF condition2 THEN
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
ELSE
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
		
		
IF condition1 BEGIN variable
  ...
ELSEIF condition2 
  ...
ELSE
  ...
ENDIF 			
		
		
LET i = condition1 
FOR i = i TO 0.5 STEP -1 
  ...
NEXT i 

LET i = (i<0)*-1 + (i=0)*( condition2 ) 
FOR i=i TO 0.5 STEP -2
  ...
NEXT i 

LET i = (i=0) 
FOR i = i TO 0.5 STEP -2 
  ...
NEXT i
		
		
Variable name must have only 1 char.
Be careful: the variable cannot be used 
by another loop at the same time.
      
			
	
	
	
	
		
routine_name(arg)
		
		
LET ARG = X
PROC ROUTINE NAME
		
		
LET arg1 = arg
GOSUB ROUTINE NAME
		
		
Procedure call
			
	
	
	
	
		
PROCEDURE routine_name
BEGIN
  ...
END
		
		
DEFPROC ROUTINE NAME 
  ...
ENDPROC
		
		
REM ROUTINE NAME		
  ...
RETURN
		
		
Procedure declaration
			
	
	
	
	
		
t := routine_name(arg)
		
		
LET ARG = X
PROC ROUTINE NAME
LET T = RESULT
		
		
LET ARG = X
GOSUB ROUTINE NAME
LET T = RESULT
		
		
Function call
			
	
	
	
	
		
FUNCTION routine_name (arg:REAL) :REAL;
BEGIN
  ...
END;  
		
		
DEFPROC ROUTINE NAME		
LET U = ARG
...
LET RESULT = V
ENDPROC
		
		
REM ROUTINE NAME		
LET U = ARG
...
LET RESULT = V
RETURN 
		
		
Function declaration
			
	
	
	
	
		
total_apples := 0
		
		
LET TOTALAPPLES = 0
LET TOTAL APPLES = 0
		
		
LET TOTALAPPLES = 0

LET TOTAL APPLES = 0

		
		
Remember that a string array and a simple string variable 
cannot have the same name - unlike the case for numbers.
On variable names, you can use spaces - they are ignored.
Warning: On variable names, dont use spaces when the first 
word is a reserved word because emulators usually get confused.
		
	
		
  
     If you run out of computer memory then ask the administrator to add the option to remove comments from the program.

Compre o livro - Buy the book

BASIC Apascalado Para o ZX81

Pascalated BASIC For the ZX81

São 150 páginas com artigos e listagens 
dos 15 programas deste tutorial -
incluindo alguns dos jogos clássicos da história dos videogames. 
    
É um verdadeiro curso de programação 
que pode ser aproveitado para programar em qualquer linguagem 
e também recordar o potencial do ZX81.
    
Clique no preço para comprar via PayPal
ou faça a sua encomenda enviando uma mensagem 
para o email info@ArcaLusitana.org
    
    
      
         
        BASIC Apascalado
Para o ZX Spectrum
        Pascalated BASIC
For the ZX Spectrum
      
      
        Portugal e ilhas
        Euro 12,50
        Euro 13,50
      
      
        Estrangeiro
        Euro 17,50
        Euro 19,25

There are 150 pages with articles and listings
of the 15 programs of this tutorial -
including some of the classic games from video game history.
    
It's a real programming course
that can be used to program in any language
and also recall the potential of the ZX81.
    
Click on the price to buy via PayPal
or place your order by sending a message
to the email info@ArcaLusitana.org
    
    
      
         
        Pascalated BASIC
For the ZX Spectrum
      
      
        Outside Portugal
        Euro 19,25

Click aqui para comprar a versão para o ZX Spectrum:
BASIC Apascalado Para o ZX Spectrum

Click here to buy the version for the ZX Spectrum:
Pascalated BASIC for the ZX Spectrum

Pascal	Pascalated BASIC	ZX81 BASIC	Note
`REPEAT ... UNTIL condition;`	`REPEAT variable ... UNTIL condition`	`FOR i = 0 TO 0.5 STEP 0 ... LET i = condition NEXT i`	`Variable name must have only 1 char. Be careful: the variable cannot be used by another loop at the same time.`
`WHILE condition DO BEGIN ... END`	`WHILE condition DO variable ... ENDWHILE`	`FOR i = NOT ( condition ) TO 0.5 STEP 0 ... LET i = NOT ( condition ) NEXT i`	`Variable name must have only 1 char. Be careful: the variable cannot be used by another loop at the same time.`
`IF condition1 THEN BEGIN ... END ELSE IF condition2 THEN BEGIN ... END ELSE BEGIN ... END`	`IF condition1 BEGIN variable ... ELSEIF condition2 ... ELSE ... ENDIF`	`LET i = condition1 FOR i = i TO 0.5 STEP -1 ... NEXT i LET i = (i<0)-1 + (i=0)( condition2 ) FOR i=i TO 0.5 STEP -2 ... NEXT i LET i = (i=0) FOR i = i TO 0.5 STEP -2 ... NEXT i`	`Variable name must have only 1 char. Be careful: the variable cannot be used by another loop at the same time.`
`routine_name(arg)`	`LET ARG = X PROC ROUTINE NAME`	`LET arg1 = arg GOSUB ROUTINE NAME`	`Procedure call`
`PROCEDURE routine_name BEGIN ... END`	`DEFPROC ROUTINE NAME ... ENDPROC`	`REM ROUTINE NAME ... RETURN`	`Procedure declaration`
`t := routine_name(arg)`	`LET ARG = X PROC ROUTINE NAME LET T = RESULT`	`LET ARG = X GOSUB ROUTINE NAME LET T = RESULT`	`Function call`
`FUNCTION routine_name (arg:REAL) :REAL; BEGIN ... END;`	`DEFPROC ROUTINE NAME LET U = ARG ... LET RESULT = V ENDPROC`	`REM ROUTINE NAME LET U = ARG ... LET RESULT = V RETURN`	`Function declaration`
`total_apples := 0`	`LET TOTALAPPLES = 0 LET TOTAL APPLES = 0`	`LET TOTALAPPLES = 0 LET TOTAL APPLES = 0`	`Remember that a string array and a simple string variable cannot have the same name - unlike the case for numbers. On variable names, you can use spaces - they are ignored. Warning: On variable names, dont use spaces when the first word is a reserved word because emulators usually get confused.`
If you run out of computer memory then ask the administrator to add the option to remove comments from the program.

Tutorial By Example
Example	Title	Edit	Download	Run online
0	Factorials
1	Guess Number
2	LASER (slow)
2	LASER (fast)
3	Multiplication Table
4	Cannonball
5	15
6	Joker
7	The Towers of Hanoi
8	Find Zero
9	The Lost Comic Book
10	River Crossing
11	2D Graph (slow)
11	2D Graph (fast)
12	Fair Shares
13	Memory
14	Hangman
15	Worm

Tutorial By Example

Pascalated BASIC BASIC Apascalado TRANSLATE

Structured BASIC BASIC Estruturado

History

Instructions

Sintax

Pascal

Pascalated BASIC

ZX81 BASIC

Note

Compre o livro - Buy the book

BASIC Apascalado Para o ZX81

Pascalated BASIC For the ZX81

Pascalated BASIC
BASIC Apascalado

Structured BASIC
BASIC Estruturado