Sintax

	
	

	
	

		
Pascal
		
		
Pascalated Boriel ZX BASIC
		
		
Note
		
	
	
	
	

		

		
		

#include <input.bas>  ' string$ = INPUT(32), number = VAL INPUT(12)
#include <attr.bas>   ' ATTR function
#include <point.bas>  ' POINT function
#include <screen.bas> ' SCREEN$ function

#define PROGRAM   REM
#define BEGIN	  REM
'#define CONST    CONST ' already defined
#define VAR       DIM
#define INTEGER   LONG
#define REAL      FLOAT
#define CHAR      STRING ' UBYTE is type integer
'#define STRING   STRING ' already defined
#define BOOLEAN   UBYTE
#define TYPE      AS
'#define WHILE    WHILE ' already defined
#define REPEAT    DO
#define UNTIL     LOOP UNTIL
#define PROCEDURE SUB
'#define FUNCTION FUNCTION ' already defined
#define TRUNC     INT
#define SQRT      SQR
'#define MOD      MOD   ' already defined
CONST   TRUE      TYPE BOOLEAN = 1 
CONST   FALSE     TYPE BOOLEAN = 0 
		
		

You must insert these lines at the beginning of the program.

Or, you can put these lines on a file named "pascal.h"
and write the following line at the beginning of your program:
  #include "pascal.h"
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

VAR
  x  :INTEGER;
  y  :REAL;
  z  :STRING;
  ok :BOOLEAN;
  an :ARRAY [0..5] OF INTEGER;
  ax :ARRAY [0..5] OF REAL; 
  Board :ARRAY [0..5] OF STRING; 
		
		

VAR x  TYPE INTEGER : REM -32768..32767
VAR x2 TYPE INTEGER = 12345 ' with initialization
VAR y  TYPE REAL    ' same as ZX Spectrum numbers
VAR z$ TYPE STRING ' $ is optional - is ignored. 
VAR ok TYPE BOOLEAN
VAR AN(0 TO 5) TYPE INTEGER ' indexes start at 0 instead of 1
VAR AX(5) TYPE REAL 
VAR Board1$(5) ' Indexes are initialized with zero instead of space: a$(1) = CODE 0 
VAR Board2$(0 TO 5) TYPE STRING ' do not use Board$(2,3) to access data
VAR Board3$(8) TYPE STRING ' use Board$(2)(3) to access data
		
		

Uppercase is different from lowercase.
Other types can be used. Click here for a list of types.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

REPEAT 
  ...
UNTIL condition; 			
		
		

REPEAT 
  ...
UNTIL condition			
		
		

REPEAT loop	
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

WHILE condition DO 
BEGIN 
  ...
END			
		
		

WHILE condition 
  ...
END WHILE 			
		
		

WHILE loop
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

IF condition1 THEN
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
ELSE IF condition2 THEN
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
ELSE
  BEGIN 
  ...
  END			
		
		

IF condition1 THEN
  ...
ELSEIF condition2 THEN
  ...
ELSE
  ...
END IF
		
		

IF control structure.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

PROCEDURE procedure_name;
BEGIN
  ...
END
		
		

PROCEDURE ProcedureName 
  ...
END PROCEDURE
		
		

Procedure declaration without arguments.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

procedure_name(arg)
		
		

ProcedureName(arg)
		
		

Procedure call with arguments.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

FUNCTION function_name (arg:REAL) :REAL;
BEGIN
  ...
  function_name := result
END;  
		
		

FUNCTION FunctionName (arg TYPE REAL) TYPE REAL
...
RETURN result
END FUNCTION
		
		

Function declaration with arguments.

Use RETURN only on the last line of a function.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

t := function_name(arg)
		
		

t = FunctionName(arg)
		
		

Function call with arguments.
		
	
	
	
	
	

		

total_apples := 0
		
		

LET total_apples = 0
total_apples = 0
LET TotalApples = 0
TotalApples = 0
		
		

Pascal notation 
or Java notation.
		
	
	
	

		

READ( line );
READ( number );
		
		

line$ = INPUT(Size)
number = VAL( INPUT(Size) )
		
		

You must add this line 
at the begining of the program:
  #include <input.bas>
		
	

	



	
	

		
Boriel ZX BASIC
		
		
Remember:
This is not Sinclair ZX BASIC
		
	

	

		
LET s$ = "0123"
PRINT s$(0)
		
		
Strings start at position 0.
Sugestion: you can initialize the string with one character 
and the index will be like the ZX Spectrum
but then the LEN will be one extra character.
		
	
	
	

		
VAR U$(8) TYPE STRING
IF U$(3)(4) = " " THEN PRINT "OK"
		
		
On the ZX Spectrum, DIM initializes character arrays to " ".
But here, strings on the array must be initialized by the program.
  VAR U$(8) ' On the ZX Spectrum: DIM U$(8,5)
  FOR i=0 TO 7
    LET U$(i+1) = "012345"
  NEXT i
		
	
	
	

		
VAR v 
		
		
You should specify the variable TYPE 
because the variable could end up with some undesirable type. 
Example: UBYTE (with values of 0..255).
		
	
	

		
LET s$="012"
PRINT CODE( s$(1) ) - CODE( s$(2) )
		
		
This prints 255 instead of -1.
You should use PRINT CAST(INTEGER,0) + CODE(s$(1)) - CODE(s$(2))
Forcing INTEGER to REAL:
   LET r = (0.1+a-0.1)/b
or LET r = CAST(REAL,a)/b

Other example:
  PRINT PEEK (0)-255
  PRINT -255+PEEK 0
		
	
	

		
PRINT ''' 123
		
		
On ZX Spectrum, ' moves to next line.
On the ZX BASIC compiler ' is equal to REM.
You should use: PRINT CHR$(13, 13, 13) ; 123
		
	
	

		
LET A$ = "123"

LET a$ = "456" 
		
		
Uppercase is different from lowercase.
It's better to use Uppercase for global variables and lowercase for local variables.
		
	
	

		
LET line$ = "123"
		
		
You can use string identifiers with more than 1 character.
		
	
	

		
LET name$ = "123"
LET name = "123"
		
		
"$" is ignored - do not use numerical variables and string variables with the same name.
		
	
	

		
Escaped characters
 \\ 
 \* 
 \` 
 \#NNN 
		
		

The \ backslash symbol.
The (c) Copyright Symbol.
The £ pound sterling symbol.
Any character, where NNN is a decimal number in the range 000 to 255.
		
	
	

		
Block characters
\  \·'\'·\''
\·.\·:\'.\':
\.·\.'\:·\:' 
\..\.:\:.\::
		
		
Graphic block characters from CHR$(128) to CHR$(143).
		
	

	

		
Control characters.
\{pN}
\{iN}
\{bN}
\{fN}
		
		
Control characters.
PAPER color 0 to 8.
INK color 0 to 8.
BRIGHT 0 or 1.
FLASH 0 or 1.
		
	

	

		
LET f$ = "4/2*3+2^3"
PRINT VAL( f$ )			
		
		
Works only with basic operators. 
Sugestion: To use variables create a function VALx$
that substitutes "x" by its value on the entite string. 
Example:
  LET f$ = "2*x"
  LET x = 111
  LET g$ = VALx$( f$ ) : REM g$ = "2*111"
  PRINT VAL(g$) : REM gives 222
Sugestion: To use functions create a function VALf$
that substitutes function name to its code. 
Example:
  LET f$ = "SIN 1.7"
  LET g$ = VALf$( f$ ) : REM g$ = CHR$ 178 + "1.7"
  PRINT VAL(g$) : REM gives 0.99166481
		  
	

	

		
NEW
		
		
Does not exist.
Use: RANDOMIZE USR 0